ABSTRACT
Objectives: To calculate the frequency of use of smokeless tobacco by pregnant women and determine their awareness about its hazards. Study design, settings and duration: Questionnaire based study conducted in the Obstetrics OPD of Isra university hospital. Hyderabad over 6 months from 1[st] January 2011 to 30[th] June 2011
Patients and Methods: All obstetric patients who came to the Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD during this period were enrolled and 302 of them were selected at random. A structured proforma was used to collect information like age, gravidity, gestational age, socioeconomic status, residence, occupation and literacy status. Starling age of use of smokeless tobacco, frequency of usage before and during pregnancy was also inquired. Women smoking cigarette were excluded. Data were analyzed on statistical software SPSS version 16. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, the final outcome was recorded
Results: A total of 302 pregnant women were interviewed. One hundred and sixty-four [54.3%] were using smokeless tobacco before pregnancy and they continued it throughout pregnancy except three, while 26 women started its use during pregnancy making a total of 187 [61.9%] women who were using smokeless tobacco during pregnancy. Usage was 2-3 times before pregnancy and remained same during pregnancy. The most common smokeless tobacco was Ghutka 116 [62%]. Hazards of using smokeless tobacco during pregnancy were known by 189 [62.6%] women and health care provider was the most common source of passing this information. Regarding social taboos, 240 [79.5%] pregnant women said that using smokeless tobacco is not acceptable for women
Conclusion: Majority of pregnant women were using the smokeless tobacco in spite of knowing the hazards of smokeless tobacco
ABSTRACT
To screen the women suffering from vesico-vaginal fistulae for depression prior to surgery and different potential precipitating factors that may be involved. Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 22 women diagnosed with vesico-vaginal fistula admitted. 15 April 2014 to 15 October 2014. Welfare ward of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh-Pakistan, waiting for surgery were included in the study. Women with other causes of urinary incontinence, any co-morbidity and pregnant women were excluded. All data collected on a preformed proforma including the demographic data, profile of fistula and attitude of the husbands, family and neighbors towards them and Hamilton rating scale for depression [HAM-D] was used for screening the patients for depression, after the verbal consent of individuals and was analyzed on SPSS version 16.0. The mean age of 22 study participants was 36.36[ +/- 9.204] years ranging from 22-55.Majority 81.8% patients were suffering from different severity of depression. Many patients wished they were dead, felt life is not worth living, had suicidal ideas, and even one attempted to commit suicide. Majority of patient's husbands and family were sympathetic and encouraging but many were maltreated by their neighbors [p=0.04]. These patients are living with more than just a physical defect which needs to be considered as part of their treatment